A Study on Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Study on Martin Luther King - Essay Example Martin Luther King combined leadership, activism and clerical duties in his life time. He had a pivotal role in the civil rights progress, in United States, and globally. He advanced his civil rights crusade through nonviolence as mentored by Mohandas Gandhi. Martin Luther King is a national icon in modern American history because of his leadership style, policy and strategic thinking. In his activities, he advanced principles of strategy. His historical significance goes beyond his civil rights crusade or clerical work. He represented black leadership absent at the time in America. During this period, black leaders whether accommodative or reformists had minimum influence on power. These black leaders acted as power brokers for the white leaders or as spokesmen; they never expressed or acted on their own. However, Martin Luther King had his leadership rested on religious establishments that went beyond the church to a constituency that tagged him because of his strategy and ideology . He differed from the times, conventional leaders because of his independence from political machinery and institutional constraints. He addressed broader issues than race and the racial injustices (Barber, 2011, p. 52). Martin Luther King exemplified talented and strategic thinking, and leadership on both a national and international scale. In all his actions, he carefully advanced his strategic principles, and they all paid off. Growing Up and Early Influence Martin Luther King, born on 15th January 1929, grew up in Atlanta Georgia. The son of Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King, he had a younger brother and an elder sister. King devoted much of his time in the church choir, where he sang with the choir during the opening of the movie Gone with the Wind. During his early age, king had intelligence and the will to question. He did not believe in things easily without getting all the information required to make a conclusion (Kavaloski, & Kavaloski, 2011, p. 25). Most striking was his skepticism of the resurrection of Jesus at the age of 13. He afterwards noted the inescapable truths in the Bible. This led him to join the seminary at a tender age. He attended Booker T Washington High School, but as a precocious student, he jumped ninth and twelfth grade. He joined the Morehouse College where he graduated with a Degree in sociology. During his seminarian years, King’s educator and theologian Howard Thurman immensely influenced his life. Thurman crucially mentored him as seen by their closeness. The success of Mahatma Gandhi nonviolent resistance inspired King to nonviolence in the movement. He had a commitment to the American civil rights struggle. The oppression that the minority faced played a significant role as well in influencing his thinking. The rich and wealthy had all the powers to do anything they wanted while oppressing the poor. King observed that using nonviolence offered him a strategy to push for the oppressed human dignity a nd justice, and also fight for their civil rights (Barber, 2011, p. 53). King’s society was plagued by racial discrimination, segregation and poverty. He disliked the society’s social state and decided to fight for their justice. The society’s inequality also pushed him to study sociology and theology because he wanted to help socially (Carson, 2005, p. 8). Achievements, Challenges and Great Moments In his lifetime, Martin Luther King had many achievements. He secured the progress of civil rights in U.S, and before his assassination the U.S Congress passed the

Computer Security Essay Example for Free

Computer Security Essay Encryption is method of scrambling data in some manner during transmission. In periods of war, the use of encryption becomes paramount so those messages are not intercepted by the opposing forces. There are a number of different ways to protect data during transmission, such as Substitution (character for character replacement) in which one unit (usually character) of cipher text (unintelligible text or signals produced through an encryption system) is substituted for a corresponding unit of plain text (the intelligible text or signals that can be read without using decryption), according to the algorithm in use and the specific key. The other method is Transposition (rearrangement characters) which is the encryption process in which units of the original plain text (usually individual characteristics) are simply moved around; they appear unchanged in the cipher text for their relative location. Study Case (Bank of Shenandoah Valley) While both encryption and authentication method are providing some measures of security, the implementation of security itself has totally a different approach. Before any methods chosen, the two most important factors in security implementations are having to be determined. The level of security needed and the cost involved, so the appropriate steps can be taken to ensure a safe and secure environment. In this case Bank of Shenandoah Valley is in type of business which a high level of security is required, therefore, I would suggest the use of encryption method with a complex algorithm involved. Although an authentication method is a secure method as well, is not as complex as encryption method of complex algorithm since it has been used in military during the war where a high levels of security are a must. During the war, the use of encryption becomes paramount so those messages are not intercepted by the opposing forces. This is a perfect example of how reliable an encrypted message can be while used within its appropriates guidelines. 4- Describe the three different database models hierarchical, relational and network. For data to be effectively transformed into useful information, it must be organized in a logical, meaningful way. Data is generally organized in a hierarchy that starts with the smallest unit (or piece of data) used by the computer and then progresses into the database, which holds all the information about the topic. The data is organized in a top down or inverted tree likes structure. At the top of every tree or hierarchy is the root segment or element of the tree that corresponds to the main record type. The hierarchical model is best suited to situations in which the logical relationship between data can be properly presented with the one parent many children (one to many) approach. In a hierarchical database, all relationships are one to -one or one- to many, but no group of data can be on the many side of more than one relationship. Network Database is a database in which all types of relationships are allowed. The network database is an extension of the hierarchical model, where the various levels of one-to-many relationships are replaced with owner-member relationships in which a member may have many owners. In a network database structure, more that one path can often be used to access data. Databases structured according to either the hierarchical model or the network model suffers from the same deficiency: once the relationships are established between the data elements, it is difficult to modify them or to create new relationships. Relational Database describes data using a standard tabular format in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables that are the logical equivalent of files. In relational databases, data are accessed by content rather than by address (in contrast with hierarchical and network databases). Relational databases locate data logically, rather than physically. A relational database has no predetermined relationship between the data such as one-to-many sets or one-to-one. Case study ( DAngelo Transportation, Inc.) There are a number of factor which ought to be discussed during discussion: O How much of the system should by computerized? O Should we purchase software or build based on what we are using in the current system. ( make versus buy analysis) O If we decide to make the new system, should we design an on-line or batch system? O Should we design the system for a mainframe computer, minicomputer, microcomputers or some combinations? O What information technologies might be useful for this application? Some of the security issues, are consist of the level of security required and the cost involved in this conversion. A database system is vulnerable to criminal attack at many levels. Typically, it is the end user rather the programmer who is often (but not always) guilty of the simple misuse of applications. Thus, it is essential that the total system is secure. The two classifications of security violations are malicious or accidental. One of the most emphasized and significant factors of any program development is the early involvement of the end-users. This provides the programmer as well as the end-user with important functionality of the new system and help them to adapt to the new working environment more efficiently and effectively. The continuos training of the staff is essential in meeting the objectives of the organization since they will be provided with needed skills and expertise necessary to deal with daily issues using of new system.

Childhood in To Kill A Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë :: Jane Eyre Essays

The Theme of Childhood in To Kill A Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « 'To Kill A Mocking Bird' by Harper Lee and 'Jane Eyre' by Charlotte Brontà « are two very different books written in different periods of history. There are, however, similarities in the themes and background. For example, both books were written during times of great social upheaval and strife. In 'To Kill A Mocking Bird', the world was still very racist and it was not until some twenty years after the book was written that men like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X started to bring about real reforms. 'Jane Eyre' was slightly different as this was set during a time when the masses of overworked and underpaid Victorians were being given greater freedoms and more time in which to have these freedoms. Both books are written from a first person point of view, with a narrative voice. In 'To Kill A Mocking Bird', the narrative voice is the voice of 'Scout', a small girl and in 'Jane Eyre', Jane herself takes the role of narrator. Both books are also Fictional Autobiographies. This means that they chronicle, if not directly, the lives of the authors. The two books (in the first chapters) revolve strongly around the themes of childhood. The way that these themes are introduced affects the whole book and the way that characters react to one another. 'To Kill A Mocking Bird' starts with two paragraphs that summarize the entire book. It tells the reader of the beginning, middle and end of the book. It also introduces the way in which the story will be told and five of the most important characters. For eight paragraphs, there is nothing but description of the Finch family. It is here that childhood really starts to be introduced. The language used is almost entirely superfluous, very descriptive uses many effective, if childish, techniques such as "There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with" (repetition) and very descriptive phrases such as "A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer". Description of characters is done in two highly differing ways in 'To Kill A Mocking Bird', the first being the adult and formal manner: "Jem and I found our Father satisfactory: he played with us, read to us, and treated us with courteous detachment.

Attribution Theory

Discuss the types of attribution someone makes when they appraise a person’s behaviour. How may bias occur in their reasoning particularly if they have a very different background to the person they observe? Attribution theory focuses on ways in which we gather and process information in order to come up with judgements and explanations for people’s behaviours and personalities or as explained by Fiske & Taylor (1991) â€Å"how the social perceiver uses information to arrive at casual explanations for events.It examines what information is gathered and how it’s combined to form casual judgements†. There have been many studies aimed at explaining the main errors people make when making inferences about people’s behaviour and whether culture has an effect on how we make attributions. There are two types of attributions, internal attributions, also known as dispositional attributions, are when we attribute behaviour to person’s disposition (ment al state, personality, emotions, characteristics, etc. ).External attributions (also known as situational attributions) can be explained as attributing behaviour to the situation or the environment in which the behaviour took place. Correspondent inference (Jones & Davis, 1965) can be explained as when the observer infers that the actor’s behaviour corresponds with their motives (an internal attribution). A correspondence bias is when the observer over-attributes the cause of behaviour to dispositional factors at the expense of situational antecedents.This can also be explained as the fundamental attribution error (Lee Ross, 1977). Another believed to be error in attribution is suppressing dispositional inferences during social judgement, which leads to the dispositional rebound (Geeraert & Yzerbyt, 2007), meaning relying on dispositional inferences in subsequent judgements. It is believed that a judgement begins with a dispositional bias and situational information is to cor rect the initial judgement (Quattrone, 1992), this is called situational correction.Geeraert & Yzerbyt state that the observer must suppress dispositional judgements during the correctional stage and deal with the dispositional rebound in subsequent stages. Furthermore, a cause of the FAE (fundamental attribution error) could potentially be the fact that the observer may not see much to gain in making the effort to analyse the situational causes of a certain behaviour and too cognitively demanding (Andrews, 2001).However, due to the fact that they have greater incentives to predict and influence behaviour, people who tend to depend on others are less likely to make erroneous attributions, which explains why people from more interdependent cultures (such as East Asians) tend to avoid the FAE (Choi et al, 1999) in contrast with people from more independent cultures (such as Europeans or Americans).To further elaborate on this point, numerous psychologists believe that culture may have a determining effect on whether the observer is prone to excessively relying on dispositional judgements. This is shown in Choi & Nisbett’s 1998 study, which was in line with Snyder & Jones’ 1974 study, where a group of Korean and American participants were given the task of writing an essay with a designated position.They were then asked to judge a forced writer (a writer which wrote a piece as a forced task, whether or not what they were writing reflected their own beliefs). In contrast with the previous study, the Americans’ judgements were not affected, however, the Koreans no longer displayed correspondence bias when the situational forces were made salient. Kitayama and Miyamoto carries out a similar study, including Japanese and American students and as predicted, the Americans displayed correspondence bias, while the Japanese students did not.Moreover, with the aim of discovering whether the dispositional rebound occurs amongst people of East Asian back ground and using the dispositional rebound as a tool to study the process of attribution, a study was carried out which participants consisting of 105 students from Hogeschool Gent, Belgium and 128 students from Kasestart University in Bangkok, Thailand, were given the task of judging a free or forced writer in the attitude attribution paradigm. The diagnosticity of the essays were manipulated in order to have participants also judge the essays based on whether they were diagnostic or not.Thai students were more sensitive to the manipulation of the diagnosticity of the essays, whilst the Belgian participants showed no sensitivity at all. Both ethnic groups displayed symptoms of the dispositional rebound when judging a diagnostic forced essay, however, Belgian participants were the only ones to display the dispositional rebound when judging a non-diagnostic essay. Subsequently, participants were asked to judge a series of pictorially represented behaviours. Both Belgian and Thai part icipants displayed the dispositional rebound when the situational information was hidden.However, Thai participants no longer displayed the dispositional rebound when the situational information was made salient (also discovered by Choir & Nisbett in their 1998 study and Miyanoto & Kitayama in their 2002 study). A further explanation of the dispositional rebound could be that it is the ironic consequence of suppression and correction of an initial dispositional judgment as a result of cognitive fatigue due to the fact that the judgment of a constrained target demands a larger amount of cognitive effort which due to the reduction of cognitive resources, leaves some observers to rely on less demanding abstract language.Furthermore, several other studies which have directly focused on the universality of the correspondence bias (Choi & Nisbett, 1998; Kashima, Siegal, Tanaka, & Kashima, 1992; Krull et al. , 1999; Van Boven, Kamada, & Gilovich, 1999) have shown that people from interdepe ndent cultures aren’t immune to erroneous attributions .In these studies, both East Asians and Americans were given the task of judging a constrained target in the context of the attitude attribution paradigm (this requires participants to read an essay which either favours or opposes a particular issue under the conditions that participants are told whether or not the writer had a choice in selecting the viewpoint which the essay reflects), the perceiver induced constraint paradigm (this requires participants to ask a target to read out a pre-written attitudinal statement, then comply observe the target and then try to figure out the target’s true attitude) and the quiz paradigm.The results showed that regardless of culture, all participants displayed correspondence bias. These findings may suggest that culture may not determine whether an observer is prone to erroneous attributions. In conclusion, it seems that the most erroneous method in our ways of making social j udgments is our tendency to rely excessively on dispositional information when doing so and ironically suppressing our dispositional inferences which instinct seems to enforce the occurrence of, seems to cause a rebound effect in subsequent social judgments.But, it also seems that being raised in a society where it is the norm to be dependent on one another, tends to make one naturally more sensitive to informational information when it is there to be sensed and therefore more able to make accurate inferences about behaviour and mental states.

Styles of Policing

Legalistic style of policing is more bureaucratic and professional. This style tends to impose the rule of law on all sections of the society in an unbiased manner. Closer scrutiny and evaluation methodology led to increase in the legalistic style where law enforcement and intervention in certain circumstances is practiced. Police men do a lot of research, planning and are actively involved in community relations department to manage relations and act as a responsible law enforcement agency.This style followed the initial watchman style of policing where instead of having been arrested for having liquor in a restricted area, the offender might have been given street justice by the police. Watchman style of policing also left a lot to be desired as it was more prone to political intervention. Hence the legalistic style of policing focuses on upholding the rule book while taking an unbiased view of the situation. Service style of policing is more lenient than legalistic style with the latter being more rule based.It intervenes in a proactive manner where there is a need but this is an informal act at most times. The idea is to prevent petty criminals to become hard core offenders and have a compassionate view of the community. Drug rehabilitation and treatment might be an option that police might consider under this style rather than go for legal provisions for punishing minor offenders. The citizens are treated as customers with great care taken to ensure that people are treated with courtesy and that the police goes to great length to ensure the comfort of citizens.This style of policing leads to a very image conscious police force. It also leads to a less risk based approach in dealing with problems unlike other styles which might use an operational style. Team style of policing is based on the concept of neighborhood policing which got popularized in 1970’s. The idea is based on working closely with communities in focused smaller teams that leads to hi gher degree of trust and cooperation between all involved. The police unlike in other scenarios have a visible, familiar and accessible perception.Strategic policing relates to having a more proactive style of policing. This style of policing relies a bit on the information channels that it has build and acts in a silent and behind the scene manners when needed. Problem solving style deals with issues that can be solved within the legal and a community engagement framework. The objective is to deal with problems that might not necessarily come in the legal gambit and also to look for alternatives other than arresting offenders.Police needs to recognize that legal provision to arrest is just one of the tools to deal with a problem. There could be other legal provisions or an opportunity to have a dialogue with stakeholders concerned and come to a logical conclusion. One another aspect of problem solving style is to reduce constant offending by a select few people of the community. Th e police communicate with the community, gathers and analyzes information, creates solution in consultation with the community and helps in implementation of these plans.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 The issues related to slavery were still burning in the middle of the nineteenth century. The tension can be illustrated by the debate concerning the Compromise of 1850. It is possible to consider three viewpoints on the matter to see three major arguments which existed in the American society of that time. John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Henry Seward gave speeches that embody the three arguments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compromise of 1850 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Calhoun was an advocate of slavery and criticized the compromise as he stressed that the newly created state, which was agricultural, had the right to adopt the effective ways which were used in other Southern states. The politician stressed that Southern states’ interests were often â€Å"sacrificed. however oppressive the effects† could be (Calhoun, 2010). Even though Webster was largely against proliferation of slavery, he also noted that it was logical for a new state to become a slavery state. Unlike Calhoun, the politician did not consider the interests of the North and the South, but he stressed that there was some legislation and acts which addressed the issue and there was no need in inventing new regulations (Webster, 2010). In contrast to the two arguments mentioned above, Seward appealed to the God’s law, he did not consider interests’ or laws of people. The politician stressed that â€Å"no climate† could justify slavery and all people were created equally free (Seward, n.d.). Thus, he claimed that new states had to be free from slavery due to the higher law. In my opinion, Seward’s argument is the most compelling as the politician articulated the ideas which were in the air at that time. He was brave (and persuasive) enough to reveal the wrongs of the American society. Clearly, his argument is the strongest as he appeals to the law of nature, the greater law. Reference List Calhoun, J.C. (2010). Proposal to preserve the Union. Web. Seward, W.H. (n.d.). William Henry Seward’s higher law speech. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Webster, D. (2010). Speech to the U.S. Senate in favor of the Compromise of 1850. Web.

Raid on Deerfield in Queen Annes War

Raid on Deerfield in Queen Anne's War The Raid on Deerfield took place February 29, 1704, during Queen Annes War (1702-1713). Located in western Massachusetts, Deerfield was targeted by Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouvilles French and Native American forces in early 1704. The attack was typical of the small-unit actions that frequently occurred along the colonial frontier and saw the inhabitants and local militia attempt to defend the settlement with mixed results. In the fighting, the attackers killed and captured a significant number of settlers. The raid gained lasting fame when one of the captives, Reverend John Williams, published an account of his experiences in 1707. Fast Facts: Raid on Deerfield Conflict: Queen Annes War (1702-1713)Dates: February 29, 1704Armies Commanders:EnglishCaptain Jonathan Wells90 militiaFrench and Native AmericansJean-Baptiste Hertel de RouvilleWattanummon288 menCasualties:English: 56 killed and 109 capturedFrench and Native Americans: 10-40 killed Background Situated near the junction of the Deerfield and Connecticut Rivers, Deerfield, MA was founded in 1673. Built on land taken from the Pocomtuc tribe, the English residents in the new village existed on the fringe of the New England settlements and were relatively isolated. As a result, Deerfield was targeted by Native American forces during the early days of King Philips War in 1675. Following a colonial defeat at the Battle of Bloody Brook on September 12, the village was evacuated. With successful conclusion of the conflict the next year, Deerfield was reoccupied. Despite additional English conflicts with the Native Americans and French, Deerfield passed the remainder of the 17th century in relative peace. This came to an end shortly after the turn of the century and the beginning of Queen Annes War. Pitting the French, Spanish, and allied Native Americans against the English and their Native American allies, the conflict was the North American extension of the War of the Spanish Succession. Unlike in Europe where the war saw leaders like the Duke of Marlborough fight large battles such as Blenheim and Ramillies, fighting on the New England frontier was characterized by raids and small unit actions. These began in earnest in mid-1703 as the French and their allies began attacking towns in present-day southern Maine. As the summer progressed, colonial authorities began to receive reports of possible French raids into the Connecticut Valley. In response to these and the earlier attacks, Deerfield worked to improve its defenses and enlarged the palisade around the village. Planning the Attack Having completed the raids against southern Maine, the French began turning their attention to the Connecticut Valley late in 1703. Assembling a force of Native Americans and French troops at Chambly, command was given to Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville. Though a veteran of previous raids, the strike against Deerfield was de Rouvilles first major independent operation. Departing, the combined force numbered around 250 men. Moving south, de Rouville added another thirty to forty Pennacook warriors to his command. Word of de Rouvilles departure from Chambly soon spread through the region. Alerted to the French advance, New Yorks Indian agent, Pieter Schuyler, quickly notified the governors of Connecticut and Massachusetts, Fitz-John Winthrop and Joseph Dudley. Concerned about the safety of Deerfield, Dudley dispatched a force of twenty militia to the town. These men arrived on February 24, 1704. de Rouville Strikes Moving through the frozen wilderness, de Rouvilles command left bulk of their supplies approximately thirty miles north of Deerfield before establishing a camp closer to the village on February 28. As the French and Native Americans scouted the village, its inhabitants prepared for the night. Due to the pending threat of attack, all of the residents were residing within the protection of the palisade. This brought Deerfields total population, including the militia reinforcements, to 291 people. Assessing the towns defenses, de Rouvilles men noticed that the snow had drifted against the palisade allowing for the raiders to easily scale it. Pressing forward shortly before dawn, a group of raiders crossed over the palisade before moving to open the towns north gate. Swarming into Deerfield, the French and Native Americans began attacking houses and buildings. As the inhabitants had been taken by surprise, fighting degenerated into a series of individual battles as the residents struggled to defend their homes. With the enemy swarming through the streets, John Sheldon was able to climb over the palisade and rushed to Hadley, MA to raise the alarm. Blood in the Snow One of the first houses to fall was that of Reverend John Williams. Though members of his family were killed, he was taken prisoner. Making progress through the village, de Rouvilles men gathered prisoners outside the palisade before looting and burning many of the houses. While many houses were overrun, some, such as that of Benoni Stebbins, successfully held out against the onslaught. With fighting winding down, some of the French and Native Americans began withdrawing north. Those who remained retreated when a force of around thirty militia from Hadley and Hatfield arrived on the scene. These men were joined by around twenty survivors from Deerfield. Chasing the remaining raiders from the town, they began pursuing de Rouvilles column. This proved a poor decision as the French and Native Americans turned and set an ambush. Striking the advancing militia, they killed nine and wounded several more. Bloodied, the militia retreated to Deerfield. As word of the attack spread, additional colonial forces converged on the town and by the next day over 250 militia were present. Assessing the situation, it was determined that a pursuit of the enemy was not feasible. Leaving a garrison at Deerfield, the remainder of the militia departed. Aftermath In the raid on Deerfield, de Rouvilles forces suffered between 10 and 40 casualties while the towns residents incurred 56 killed, including 9 women and 25 children, and 109 captured. Of those taken prisoner, only 89 survived the march north to Canada. Over the next two years, many of the captives were freed after extensive negotiations. Others elected to remain in Canada or had become assimilated into the Native American cultures of their captors. In retaliation for the raid on Deerfield, Dudley organized strikes north into present-day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. In sending forces north, he also hoped to capture prisoners who could be exchanged for Deerfields residents. Fighting continued until the wars end in 1713. As in the past, the peace proved brief and combat resumed three decades later with King Georges War/War of Jenkins Ear. The French threat to the frontier remained until the British conquest of Canada during the French Indian War.

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Premier vs. Premiere â€Å"Premier† and â€Å"premiere† look very similar written down. They also sound similar when spoken. And to top it all off, they both have to do with being â€Å"first† in some sense. Is it any surprise, then, that people get these words mixed up? Probably not. Yet there is a difference between them, so make sure your written work is error free with our helpful guide. Premier (First in Status) â€Å"Premier† is usually an adjective meaning â€Å"first in status† or â€Å"best†: Usain Bolt was the premier sprinter of his generation. Here, we’re referring to Mr. Bolt’s status as a leading athlete on the track. With that name, he was either going to be a runner or a mechanic.(Photo: Grzegorz Jereczek/flickr) A secondary use is as a noun that refers to the leader of a government: We will remember him as the UK’s worst ever premier. Typically, â€Å"premier† is used for the prime minister of a country. However, in Australia and Canada, it is also used for heads of regional government bodies. Premiere (A Debut or First Performance) â€Å"Premiere† is primarily a noun that refers to the first public performance or appearance of something: We’re having a glitzy premiere with a red carpet for our new play. But the same word can also be used as a verb meaning â€Å"show for the first time.† For example, we could say: We’ll be premiering the movie at the Sundance Festival. There are worse places to premiere something.(Photo: Travis Wise/flickr) In both noun and verb cases, â€Å"premiere† usually applies to a performance or entertainment of some kind. But you can also â€Å"premiere† other things (e.g., when a company reveals a new product for the first time). Premier or Premiere? These words are similar in many ways. However, â€Å"premiere† is only ever used in relation to the first public appearance of something. In any other situation, the correct term will therefore be â€Å"premier.† Remember: Premier (adjective) = First in status or importance Premier (noun) = The leader of a government Premiere (noun) = The first performance or appearance of something Premiere (verb) = The act of showing something in public for the first time

Organization of a Healthcare Facility Assignment

Organization of a Healthcare Facility - Assignment Example In addition, the health facility aims at providing affordable health care to its client. Delver Health Care will be a clinic working under the supervision of qualified physicians who have academically specialised in seven health related issues; dermatology, gynaecology, heart diseases, respiratory disease, surgery and gastroenterology. Mission Delver Health Care exists to ensure that patients suffering from various health conditions are treated by qualified medical practitioners. As such, patients in and around New York are guaranteed of quality medical attention at an affordable rate from the facility. Equally, as a health facility, we are aware that health is the first priority in the life of individuals, thus specialisation is key to our services. Vision â€Å"Delver Health Care will distinguish itself as a leader in specialized health care delivery and will be and together with other willing partners, there will be provision of quality services to patients in the community.† The Impact of Merger and Acquisition According to Sherman 2011, mergers and acquisition is a program that offers the acquirers benefits of great potential and value especially when the objective has been selected carefully,. Never the less, the program is also capable of bringing about risks that are inevitable. To begin with, the program should focus on the integrated efforts that are supposed to influence the expected benefits. As such, the business should focus on working to accomplish its objective. Delver Health Care as For-Profit Business Apparently, for profit organization, it entails professionals who volunteer as consultants, facilitators to various institutions in exchange for payment of services. In light of this, the Doctors Board of America should come up with Delver Health Care as a for -Profit business as a result of a problem they believe they could address. As such, they should come together and decided to offer their services in order to benefit their people or community. Of importance to note is that there must be a good service, a market for the service, which in this case is patients who are in dire need of the services (Heller, 2009). Consequently, the possibility of having Delver Health Care as for profit business denotes that the Doctors Board of America is at liberty to decide what they want to do with the net earning or profit that will be generated by the health care facility. According to a feasibility study conducted through the mandate of the Doctors Board of America, it was found out that over 43 % of the population in New York were individuals who suffered from chronic illnesses particularly heart diseases, but did not find facilities that offered specialised treatment around the city (Stevens, 1998). In relation to this, the Doctors Board of America through a consultant concluded that health care business would only operate as for profit business. Moreover, the feasibility study explains the three main issues revolving the i nception of the health care business; market issues, technical and organizational requirements, and the financial overview. Wolper, 2004 argues that in terms of market issues, it was evident that most people in the region required specialised treatment meaning that, the opening of the health centre would automatically ease

Comparison of Online Course and Traditional Course Essay

Comparison of Online Course and Traditional Course - Essay Example A lot of online schools are opening up and are providing quality education that is well comparable to the one offered by the traditional schools. The concept of online education has emerged with the rise of computers in general and internet in particular. While the concept of traditional courses is as old as the concept of education in the world is, the concept of online education is just as old as the internet itself. This paper draws a comparison and contrast between online courses and the traditional courses. Online courses and traditional courses resemble in the structure of course and differ in many areas including flexibility, medium and interaction between teachers and students. Online courses and traditional courses are similar in the structure of the course. Normally, there are equal number of quizzes, assignments, class tests and end term exams in online courses and the traditional courses. In both types of courses, â€Å"It is usually given to students at a common interva l, such as monthly, quarterly, half-yearly and annually† (Edurite, 2012). Internet is a common medium of research in both online and traditional courses. Students are usually required to submit their assignments electronically in the traditional course like online course. These days, both online and traditional courses are offered for all kinds of subjects. ... In an online course, result is also declared similarly, except for the change that the result is released online. Students have a whole network of friends that is just as strong in the online courses as it is in the traditional courses. The only difference is that the friends might not be able to get together on daily basis in the online course like they do in the traditional course, yet the interaction takes place frequently through emails and social media websites. Online courses are much more convenient both for the students as compared to the traditional courses. Students find it very manageable to do a job along with studies when the studies are based on online courses (Best Online Universities, 2012). This is because of the fact that online courses can be scheduled as per the convenience of a student. Online courses basically have no fixed time for college. Unlike traditional course, online course requires maximal use of internet, even for the students’ interaction with the instructors that takes place through email and occasionally on social media websites and live chats. However, traditional course provides this advantage over the online course that students can converse with the teachers face to face. In online course, a student can browse the internet anytime of the day he/she feels like and download the lectures as well as the relevant assignments and also upload the ones which were due. Online courses save the students a lot of money. While the students have to spend a lot of money in arranging the transport for the school for a traditional course on daily basis, buying snacks and regular food items from the college cafeteria, giving treats to the friends, and most importantly, compromising upon the job in order to seek education, all of these

Effect of e-readers on the publishing industry Assignment

Effect of e-readers on the publishing industry - Assignment Example ed that social exchange theory is taking place on an international level as the humanity has learned the art and science of communicating across cultures and borders. The internationalization of communication and socialization is identified as essence of the notion known as global village (Graham 1998). In recent years, leading technological companies have launched devices that have been blessed with the capability of helping people in accessing and downloading books and other kinds of literature. The old fashion and traditional practice of reading books in a printed format is ending. Major number of publications is being provided to public in an electronic format while the most used format is called Portable Document Format (PDF). The conventional method of providing printing books got very expensive and therefore, the major publishing companies such as McGraw Hill initiated to provide publications in an electronic format. The basic and fundamental purpose of using electronic devices as sources of accessing literature is to drive down the production costs whereas, the end readers are also provided with significant level of cost advantages. In summary, it can be urged and argued that availability and cost of printed information has notably increased and decreased respectively (Pan & Leidner 2003). The current period, the customers and common peoples information has considerably risen and therefore, companies and governments are facing problems in justifying their filthy practices from public. The publishing companies are offering books and research journals in e-format and they provide printed copies on special request only. The supporters of high involvement of technology in knowledge management argue that human mind is well accustomed to understanding materials in print format. They also suggest that human sensory centers are experiencing growing and noticeable level of stress because of focusing on screens. But, these potential disadvantages will subside as

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example red that he yielded too much power and that he was a danger to their rule and most of the rulers chose to make him as an enemy rather than an asset to their rule as they believed that he was there to overtake. Furthermore, the scribes from the synagogues were also opposed to his teachings since he condemned most of the self-righteous selfish acts that they committed (Voragine). The painting was done by oil on a canvas and the image size is 600 by 398 centimeters. There is a man in the middle who is most likely Jesus Christ and he is wearing a robe with no headgear unlike the other men in the picture. The other men look as though they are condemning the man in the middle for one reason or another. The most likely cause for the ridicule seems to be the woman in the painting as Christ was supposed to be chaste at the time and he being with a woman went contrary to his teachings. The Jews spared no effort to make him look and feel guilty or find fault in him and every action that Christ did was met with criticism and harsh judgment. The painting was done by oil which makes it more colorful and more permanent including making the work look more real and it is so much easier to see the expressions of the faces of the people in the picture. It is also so much easier to see the kind of clothing that the people had worn and through the clothing, it is so much easier to tell the culture of the people and the things that they value over the others. Oil also makes the paint more permanent as it does not get washed away very easily. The variety of colors that paint offers is also magnificent as it is so much easier to differentiate people. The emotion in the picture is brought out and the people look as if they are about to lynch the man in the middle and the woman while the woman seems to be very afraid to be the only woman in the presence of men. Going by what was happening at the time, it could be said that maybe she was sent by some high power so that she could tempt

Are you safe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Are you safe - Essay Example Basically, the crime is undertaken through the access of information such as Social Security Number, bank account or credit card number. Through the knowledge of such information a staggering effect on the life of the victim occur specifically the credit and finances (Department of Justice, 2006). The knowledge regarding the methods on the crime of stealing one's identity can be considered as of the most essential weapon. Protection of one's property, in the present time, does not limit the material possessions, but key information that can access valuable materials. Due to the fact that the present era can be considered the era of information, thus, the data gathered can be equated to monetary units (Federal Trade Commission, 2006). In the increasing prevalence of this type of crime, an overview both informative and descriptive in nature can be an important exploration to be able to contribute to the knowledge of the public and also for information dissemination. In this note, the objectives of the research that was undertaken is to achieve a baseline information on the cases of identity theft and the determination of the knowledge of the public regarding the crime that concern every members of the population. The issue regarding the crime that can affect every member of the population was studied in line with the opinions and the experiences of a sample population. The study was undertaken through the integration of the reaction of the population and the knowledge that they possess regarding the topic. Through the determination of the opinions of the representative of the population, primary data was gathered. A. Sampling Process The process of data gathering covers certain groups in the population. In this particular study a particular group of citizen was chosen to represent the public. This is done to be able to determine the primary reactions of the public in relation to the topic of interest. Opinions were gathered regarding the identity theft as a crime. This can measure the basic knowledge of the sample population regarding the issue along with their outlook on the issue. In the research conducted specifically, it was aimed to explore the knowledge regarding identity theft and the misuse of information. There are certain techniques that can be employed to be able to achieve the desired amount and quality of data. The sampling process can be undertaken in various ways. One type of sampling is the simple random sampling. This employs randomization process such as drawing the names of the possible respondents or through the use of random numbers to be able to determine the respondents for the survey. Another type is the stratified random sampling. In this method, the possible respondents are first divided into groups. Within each group simple random sampling are employed. Though the segregation of the population into groups the study can establish a background characterization sample space that can result to a more directed data gathering (Davis, 2002). Another is the proportionate sampling which is a sampling technique that requires the proportion of the stratified group that corresponds to that of the sample population. There are surveys that do not employ sampling process. The non-probability sampling is the type of survey that does not use

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example red that he yielded too much power and that he was a danger to their rule and most of the rulers chose to make him as an enemy rather than an asset to their rule as they believed that he was there to overtake. Furthermore, the scribes from the synagogues were also opposed to his teachings since he condemned most of the self-righteous selfish acts that they committed (Voragine). The painting was done by oil on a canvas and the image size is 600 by 398 centimeters. There is a man in the middle who is most likely Jesus Christ and he is wearing a robe with no headgear unlike the other men in the picture. The other men look as though they are condemning the man in the middle for one reason or another. The most likely cause for the ridicule seems to be the woman in the painting as Christ was supposed to be chaste at the time and he being with a woman went contrary to his teachings. The Jews spared no effort to make him look and feel guilty or find fault in him and every action that Christ did was met with criticism and harsh judgment. The painting was done by oil which makes it more colorful and more permanent including making the work look more real and it is so much easier to see the expressions of the faces of the people in the picture. It is also so much easier to see the kind of clothing that the people had worn and through the clothing, it is so much easier to tell the culture of the people and the things that they value over the others. Oil also makes the paint more permanent as it does not get washed away very easily. The variety of colors that paint offers is also magnificent as it is so much easier to differentiate people. The emotion in the picture is brought out and the people look as if they are about to lynch the man in the middle and the woman while the woman seems to be very afraid to be the only woman in the presence of men. Going by what was happening at the time, it could be said that maybe she was sent by some high power so that she could tempt

Missouri Compromise Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Missouri Compromise - Term Paper Example Missouri Compromise The period 1813 to 1820, an Era in which good things were just beginning to trickle down; an oftentimes referred to as the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings†; the Missouri compromise, an event that is believed to have had a major role in shaping the course of American history struck. As a matter of fact, even the colonists before the birth of the nation had been listening to their consciences, and knew in their minds that slavery was indeed, wrong. Thus, it was time to take note and recognize how cruel the vice actually was. Finally, in 1820, a minority of congressmen rose up and took an expressive stand. However small, important steps had to be made toward attainment of equal rights. The events preceding the compromise came at a time when James Monroe had taken office as the president of the new Republic with only one political faction inexistence, that being the Democratic-Republicans. Although there were a number of diverse issues to be tackled ranging from Taxation dilemmas to particular internal improvements that sprung from the Federalists ideals; a precise balance within the Senate of Congress equating the number of representative for free and slave states was regarded important in terms of house voting, and was to be upheld no matter the prevailing circumstances. Holding other factors such as the supply of cheap land constant, because freedom had to be sought anyway, Missouri soon applied for recognition as full fledged member of the union as a slave state.

Development of the US economy over the Past 3 Years Essay Example for Free

Development of the US economy over the Past 3 Years Essay The American government has been successful in running its economy for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 as shown in continuing productivity growth, the low level of inflation as well low interest rate. This paper therefore attempts to discuss or dramatize the success of the American Government been in running its Economy over the last three years. Since any success will have to be explained on what actions the American government has, this paper will therefore describe and evaluate the main macro economic policies used by the American government, if there is any, over the last three years. How successful is the American government in running its Economy over the last three years? The American government performed well in terms of GDP and other growth measures for the last three years starting from 2005 up to the third quarter of 2007. GPD growth was recorded to have an average of 3 ? % from 2005 up to first quarter of 2006. This slowed down a little starting from second quarter of 2006 (2 ? %) to first and second quarter of 2007 , but the third quarter of 2007 appeared to started showing higher increases at 3. 9%. In describing the state of the US economy, Poole said â€Å"†¦The U. S. economy is highly productive, profit-making opportunities abound, interest rates and inflation are both relatively low and stable. † The economy is however not without any challenges to face. Said challenge is not the business cycle but how the US economy will adjust on many fronts to the baby boom generation retirement but Poole believes that the U. S. laws and institutions will enable the country to face these challenges with a better deal of buoyancy than in some other countries that is facing or will be facing the demographic challenge sooner. Poole expressed an assurance that the U. S. economy is fundamentally sound. He cited the fact that surveys of business economists over the past few years regularly pointed to key sources of strength of US economy and these include â€Å"a dynamic and flexible labour market and a financial system that rewards innovation and risk-taking by channelling capital to its highest rates of return. † He explained that the US market-based economy will allow companies â€Å"the ability and the incentive to innovate and to adapt quickly to changes in relative demands for goods and services. Thus he observes that present managements responding promptly to various shocks that shock the economy and according to him this is a growing dynamism of the U. S. economy which be believes is satisfactorily illustrated by the rise in the economy’s rate of productivity growth that has began as early as 1995 and there is still no sign of let up even at present. One way to check economic performance is the level of inflation. Poole said, that inflation as measured by the all-items CPI called â€Å"headline CPI inflation† slowed from 3. 4 percent in 2005 to 2. percent in 2006, while the inflation rate measured by the PCE (core inflation, which excludes food and energy prices) price index rose slowed from 2. 9 percent to 2. 3 percent over the same period. The decline of inflation in 2006 could only indicate remarkable effect of the monetary policy. Poole explained that the restraint of headline inflation is undeniably an indication of the sharp decline in energy prices over the second half of 2006. He added that most economists believe that core inflation is a better measure of inflation pressures. He also explained that that slight increase in the core PCE price index from 2. percent in 2005 to 2. 2 percent in 2006, and the core CPI index increase more, from 2. 2 to 2. 6 percent was negative indication. However, the core price pressures have been easing out lately which was an indication of a momentum that is headed to a favourable direction. What are the economic policies used by the American Government in managing the economy? The main macro economic policies used by the American government over the last three years include the use of its monetary policies. The use of monetary policy is evident in Federal Reserve Bank having raised its target for the federal funds rate from 1 percent in 2004 to 5? ercent in June of 2006 and is still maintained at present. It was the US monetary policy actions that have kept inflation largely, although not perfectly in check. Monetary policies involved the actions done by the Federal Reserve Bank to control money supply for purposing of managing inflation and necessarily GDP growth. Thus Poole believes that such monetary policy likely had something to do with the timing of slower GDP growth. He emphasized that the timing of slower GDP growth was the inevitable result of falling margin of underutilized resources. He admits however of other factors that is causing the slowdown starting in second quarter of 2006 which he felt as independent of monetary policy. One was the sharp increase energy prices, which showed improvement in the middle of 2006 while the other was considerable weakness in housing markets, which Poole believed may just now be giving off very tentative signal of the need to stop as has reached the bottom . In relation to the use of monetary policy to the US economy, Poole suggested three remarkable facts that deserve attention. He identified the first by saying that the real GDP growth, though sluggish in prior years has become robust starting in 2003, which may now have contributed a present low unemployment rate of 4. 6 percent. Another is that fact long-term inflation expectations were hardly shifted, while the third is the fact of quarterly average yield on 10-year nominal Treasury securities that was actually slightly lower than it was in mid 2002. Thus Poole is justifying that, â€Å"the economy has performed well despite a near tripling of crude oil prices since December 2001. He also pointed about the issue of present energy price increase. The first one is of course attributing, the increase in price â€Å"a consequence of a booming world economy, which raised energy demand rather than a supply shock; while the second one is attributing to monetary policies in the US and in most other countries have their jobs well of securing inflation expectations. † Despite a decline in growth in 2006 as compared to 2005, Poole found still further proof to the latest data on stable performance of the US economy. Poole, said, â€Å"†¦Particularly noteworthy was the larger-than-expected increase in real GDP during the fourth quarter of 2006. Following relatively anaemic rates of growth in the second and third quarters of 2006, growth of real GDP during the fourth quarter picked up nicely, rising to a 3. 5 percent annual rate. † Will the decline in the some of the measurable variable prove a failure of the monetary policy of the company? Poole cited two other aspects of the GDP report which were less favourable than the overall report. First, there was recorded slight decline in the business fixed investment during the fourth quarter of 2006. He interpreted that that the decline was nothing more than normal variation, as may be perhaps a consequence on the part of firms that were waiting for release of the new Vista operating system from Microsoft. To support his position, he explained that over the four quarters of 2006, a 6. 8 percent in non-residential fixed investment rose was recorded and one could readily appreciate that a healthy and expected increase given that the economy has continued to absorb excess capacity. This he even believe on the positive figures forecast for the economy that will â€Å"perhaps produce better than expected results. He however warned that â€Å"the extension of the fourth quarter weakness in business capital outlays going forward certainly would be a cause for concern. † The second noticeable aspect of the GDP report that was the nearly twenty percent rate of decline in residential fixed investment. He narrated that the decline began in the second quarter and was followed by a greater decline in each of the subsequent quarter. Thus he explained that as a normal result, the sharp decline in private housing starts and sales must have cause a significant pull on real GDP growth in 2006. Thus the second half of 2006, showed the contribution to real GDP growth from real residential fixed investment to have averaged about negative percentage points. This would prompt then the explanation for the slowing down in 2006 on why monetary policy was not applied to address the problem. Poole, explained that the Year 2006 was a hard situation for homebuilders as compared to 2005. He explained that following a record-setting rate of 1. 7 million units that have started in 2005, he noted that single-family started to fall to 1. 5 million units in 2006. He explained that the this average showed a comparatively large number of starts during the first half of the year which was followed by a much lower level of starts during the second half of 2006. This he noted December 2006- single-family starts which were approximately 16. 5 percent below annual average. In comparison, Poole cited the consensus of the Blue Chip forecasters made in December 2005 that real residential fixed investment would decrease by only about 1. 4 percent in 2006, using annual average data, but the actual the decline was about 4 ¼ percent. The rate fourth quarter as of 2006 is therefore obviously steeper, than the fourth quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2006. It may thus be observed that the slowing down of growth starting in the second quarter of 2006 may be attributed to the continued fall on sale of housing although presently there are already signs of recovery. But since the third quarter of 2007 has even exceeded even the average of growth rate prior to slight decline in second quarter of 2006, it may be argued that the problem of housing has eased out already. It may be concluded that the American government has been successful in running its Economy over the last three years in terms of GDP and controlled level of inflation and the lower interest rate. The main macro economic policies used by the American government over the last three years include mainly the use of its monetary policies through the Federal Reserve Bank of the US by raising interest rate a little in order to control inflation. Since it was able to do its part in controlling prices via inflationary measures the US Government through the Federal Reserve has done well it function of managing the economy.

System Requirements for Electric System for Car Rental

System Requirements for Electric System for Car Rental 1. Introduction XYZ is a car rental company located in Saudi Arabia, and has branches in all major cities. XYZ main business line is to provide rental service of small civilian cars for individuals. XYZ is planning to expand its business and to approach larger customer base by allowing customers to book from online. Also XYZ needs to automate its current paperwork processes to reduce the operation cost and increase the control over its processes. Document Purpose The purpose of this document is to describe business requirements of an Application completely, accurately and unambiguously in Technology-independent manner. All attempts have been made in using mostly business terminology and business language while describing the requirements in this document. Minimal and commonly understood Technical terminology is used. Use case approach is used in modeling the business requirements in this document Intended Audience The main intended audience for this document are the business owners of Osteoporosis Surveillance system. They must be able to verify that their business requirements have been documented here completely, accurately and unambiguously. As such, the audience can be summarized as follows: Scope Diagram: To be done by later. Project Scope: Project scope is to: Develop Major Modules Develop Web-based Application, which contains the following: Renting Car Module: This module be concerned with managing Rent and return car by customer and concerning with payment rent fees and its related penalties if violation happened. Repairing Car Module: This module be concerned with managing and tracking car repairing during its operation. Insuring Car Module: This module be concerned with managing and tracking car insurance period and coverage. Disposing a Car Module: This module be concerned with managing disposing cars and using its spare parts for other cars. Customer Car Rent Module: This module be concerned with allow public customer to rent car over his account. Develop smart phone Application, which contains the following: Customer Car Rent Module: This module be concerned with allow public customer to rent car over his account. Integrate with the following points: Financial System: The Electronic System for Car Rent (ESCR) should integrate with Financial System by send all transaction of create new contract, penalties, Income, disposing, or repairing car by credit or deposit car balance in financial system using XML posting transaction Any financial transaction whither credit (e.g., renting fees) or debit (e.g., maintenance fees) must be all communicated to the financial system. Insurance Company: The ESCR should integrate with should integrate with Insurance system to renew car insurance contract using XML posting transaction Government Traffic violation System: The ESCR should integrate with Traffic system to retrieve all traffic violation tickets on XYZ Company cars in order to collect the violation ticket fees from customer using XML posting transaction. Payment Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with third party payment gateway to collect car rent fees over with SADAD, Credit Card and PayPal channels. SMS Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with third party SMS gateway to send SMS notification generated by system to customer. Email Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with email gateway to send SMS notification generated by system to customer. The user interface must support the following web browsers: Internet Explorer v8 v10 Google Chrome v33, and v32 (Latest 2 versions). Ability to add (Migrate) current cars information. Data retention policy is to keep only last 3 years data in the system, any other older data is to be archived on tapes on yearly basis. Email system and SMS gateway supposed availability is 24/7/365. Stakeholders Stakeholders measures provides a clear definition of each stakeholder of the Use case and functionality, what do every stakeholder or get from the functionalities, why do each stakeholder care if feature works or nor, and how do each stakeholder measure success/failure of the feature? Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations References Business Case – XYZ Company Electronic System for Car Rental Document. General Constraints This subsection of the SRS should provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developer’s options for designing the system. Assumptions and Dependencies This subsection of the SRS should list each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect the requirements in the SRS. Specific Requirements This part of SRS will be the largest and most important section of the SRS. The customer requirements will be embodied because they will be used to guide the project’s software design, implementation, and testing. External Interface Requirements (Integration Points) Functional Requirements This section describes specific features of the software project. If desired, some requirements may be specified in the use-case format and listed in the Use Cases Section. Traceability Matrix The purpose of the traceability matrix is to link requirements, design specifications, and validation. Traceability among these activities and documents is essential. Traceability matrix acts as a map, providing the links necessary for determining where information is located System Processes: Customer Registration Process: Process Description: Customer access ESCR application through browser or smartphone application. Customer selects to create new account on ESCR. System requests customer to fill his required information which is: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The system validates the filled data then save new create account request in system with New State. The Request goes to Riyadh Branch Manager to approve request upon verification. In case the Riyadh Branch Manager approved the request system will create new account in system and inform user to email that his request has been approved and system should send generated password and use his email as username. In case the Riyadh Branch Manager Reject account request he should fill reason of rejection then system will send email to user with apology email with reason of rejection and he is able to request create account (Step1). Customer Registration Wireframes: Please view wireframe in paper Customer Registration Use Cases UC1.1Register New Account Use Case: Actor: Customer (anonymous User) Description: This use case concerned with allowing anonymous user to register as Car Rent Customer. Priority: High Trigger: Anonymous User access system home page (Web or by smart phone) Precondition: N/A Normal Flow: The actor selects to Create new Account in ESCR. The system response by prompt user to fill account information which are: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The actor fills fields: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The actor selects to create new account. The system validates filled information. The system creates new account in system with New state and prompt user with the following message â€Å"Dear Customer thank you for registering in ESCR, your account will be validated, please wait till notification sent to your email.† Alternative Flow: In case the user did not fill required fields (Message appear) In case the email format is wrong (Message appear) In case already exist email (Message appear) †¦.. (all cases should be filled) Sub Flow: N/A Rules: Email should be unique in system Citizen ID should be unique in system. Data Dictionary: SoQ: N/A Renting Car Process: Renting Process: Process Description: From ESCR website or through its smartphone app, the customer can select the car and book it directly as well as submitting his payment. The customer has 2 option ether to login from first step or to login upon payment step. The customer needs to login into the system The Customer selects to specify the rental duration, then selects available cars. [Please view Note 1 below]. The system should calculate the fees and applies the discount (if applicable and based on the customer information) [Please view Note 2 below]. The customer will be requested to make the payment electronically (SADAD, Credit Cards or PayPal). [Please view Note 3 below]. Once the customer paid the fees, system should display the receipt to the customer and should send a copy of the receipt to the customer’s email. The receipt should have all the contract details, which is: The customer information the car information copy of the car insurance contract the payment information Map/address of the branch where the car is located. The fees and a reference to the contract are required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Note1: Available car means any car in branch did not has any of the following cases: Car in rent duration with customer Car in reaping workshop Car Disposed Insurance contract expired unless it status in renewed.(any car should not rented to customer if the insurance contract not issued for example the expiry date is 1 March., then not car will not be available for rent from 1 March. till contract is renewed it will be back to be available) Note2: The discount should be calculated as follows: Students: 5% Senior (older than 50 years): 10% Returned Customer: 15% More than 7 days: 10% More than 7 days and return customer 25% Student and returned customer: %20 People with disabilities: 15% People with disabilities, senior, and returned customer: 20% People with disabilities, senior, returned customer, and more than 7 days: 25% People with disabilities, student, returned customer, and more than 7 days: 25% People with disabilities, and student: 20% Note3: Note that the customer can cancel the operation at any time before making the payment. Return Car Process: Description: Once the Customer return the car the Branch manager check for the following: traffic violation (in case found the customer should pay the amount) rental duration(The customer should be charged a penalty of 100$ for each exceeded day) car issues (in case issue happened the customer should pay penalty as below: Body Scratch à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   10$ Window or Mirror Broken à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   100$ Total Loss à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   10000$ Accident but car still working à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   1000$ Other à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   1500$ Distance (the customer should be charged for extra distance exceeded the 100 Km per day limit, as 3$ per Km) Repairing Car Process: When car is returned the system should check if car last maintenance reaches 30 days or if the car exceeded 5,000 Km since the last time it has been repaired (whichever comes first). The branch manager should send the car to the maintenance workshop Once the maintenance is done Branch Manager should upload the maintenance details and the invoices into the car record in the system. Fees are required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. The car should be not available for rental during the maintenance period. Issuing Car Process: The system will keep track of the expiry date of the car insurance contract, In case the car issue is about to expire (15 Days) system will send a notification to the branch manager. The branch manager from the system, will renew the contract using integration with insurance system and submit the payment electronically (SADAD, Credit Card or PayPal). The system will update the car record with the expiry date and insurance contract details. The insurance fees will to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Disposing a Car Process: The system must keep track of all the cars, and once a car is 5 years old since the manufacturing date an email notification must be sent to the branch manager. The car must be removed automatically from the system. Disposed cars should be used a spare parts for other cars. And the income made from selling the car is required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Non-Functional Requirements Performance Reliability Availability Security Maintainability Portability Design Constraints Logical Database Requirements Other Requirements Analysis Models Sequence Diagrams Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) State-Transition Diagrams (STD) Change Management Process Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2

Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Jungle Essay

Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath vs. Sinclair’s The Jungle The global appeal of the so-called American dream of happiness and success has drawn many people to the â€Å"promised land† for hundreds of years. Although the American government preached equality for all on paper, it was driven primarily by money. Both Upton Sinclair and John Steinbeck recognized this and used literature to convey the flaws of capitalism. Sinclair’s The Jungle satirized America’s wage slavery at the turn of the century and forty years later, Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath criticized the commercialism of American farming. These two books, often viewed as propagandistic, employ similar persuasive strategies: strong imagery, heavy symbolism, biting irony, and a proposal to correct the situation. Despite these parallels, however, the authentic diction and syntax of Steinbeck’s writing deviates from the inconsistent style of Sinclair. After considering how each author manipulates various stylistic elements, The Grapes of Wrath proves to be a more cogent tract. The most obvious rhetorical device in The Jungle is its powerful imagery. Sinclair offers repulsive anecdotes of work in the packinghouses. His description of the killing beds in winter vividly lingers in the mind of the reader. During winter, Sinclair says, the vicious cold of the beds caused the men to â€Å"tie up their feet in newspapers and old sacks.† By the end of the day, the frozen blood of slaughtered cattle soaked through their improvised boots so that â€Å"a man would be walking on great lumps the size of the feet of an elephant.† Sinclair also claims that when workers fell into the open vats on the floor in â€Å"tank rooms full of steam,† their absence passed unnoticed, often â€Å"over... ...beck describes them. Because the family concentrated on farming instead of schooling, their country phrases are fitting. Steinbeck’s convincing portrayal of Dust Bowl migrants grabs the reader’s emotions, producing a compelling argument. Overall, The Grapes of Wrath proves to be a more effective novel that The Jungle. Although The Jungle shares some of the same rhetorical devices, its unrealistic dialogue and long-winded sentences detract from its potency. Steinbeck and Sinclair both successfully use imagery, symbolism, and irony to persuade their audience. In both books, various symbols emphasize the deceptive nature of the American dream, and irony mercilessly illuminates the unjust aspects of capitalism. Ultimately, however, because The Grapes of Wrath is so genuine, Steinbeck proposes a solution for crooked capitalism more successfully than Sinclair.

The Expenditure Cycle

CHAPTER 10 THE REVENUE CYCLE: SALES AND CASH COLLECTIONS SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 10. 1This should generate a great deal of discussion. The basic issue concerns the willingness of consumers to divulge the kind of information that would allow companies to personalize the sales interaction versus concerns that such information would be misused or sold to other parties. In addition, with the growing problem of identity theft, consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about the safety and security of their personal information. Companies that wish to collect this data will most likely have to demonstrate the need for this information to the consumer and also the company’s ability to keep this information secure. 10. 2Digitized products force little change on the four business activities of the revenue cycle. For all products, whether digitized or not, an order must be taken, the product shipped, an invoice delivered, and cash collected. The only thing that digitized products do is change the way these four activities are carried out. Digitized products actually facilitate the four activities by incorporating electronic sales orders, shipping, billing, and cash collections. 10. 3Employees need to be trained to use the POS properly. Such training should include understanding how the POS works, stressing that . In that errors on the employees part will directly affect the inventory master file numbers. If an item does not â€Å"scan†, then it must be rescanned or dealt with so that the integrity of the records is upheld. Similarly, employees should be trained not to skip sales. If an item does not â€Å"scan†, the employee should be trained to accurately enter in the â€Å"bar code† of the item. Entering a generic or erroneous code not only creates an inventory error, but it also frustrates the customer who may take their business elsewhere. In addition, employees should be trained to report and/or fix errors in bar codes as they are encountered and in a timely manner. 10. The report already provides dollar amounts outstanding by number of days past due by customer and by invoice. However, the percentage of total accounts receivable categorized by days past due would help to alert management of categories that are increasing. This could also be reported by customer and by invoice. This way if a particular invoice was not being paid, the company could more quickly identify the invoice, contact the customer, and potentially resolve any problems or disputes about the particular invoice. In addition, reporting by customer can help to identify chronic â€Å"slow paying† customers so that corrective action could be taken such as offering discounts for quick payment, changes in term, and notifying the credit manager to restrict credit for this particular customer. Furthermore, the company may have a certain threshold for each category of past due accounts either in percentages or absolute dollars. A metric could be calculated and presented that highlights the categories exceeding that threshold. 10. This is a good question to get students to explore and compare the role of technology in dynamic price setting policies. You may want to preface the discussion by relating the following scenario: You have graduated from collage and started your own consulting firm. A client has an urgent need that requires you to travel to his location. Since this is a last minute trip, you pay full price for an airline ticket. Since this client is on a fixed contract, you cannot char ge the cost of the ticket back to the client. While riding on the airplane you find yourself sitting next to a college student who is majoring in accounting. During the course of the conversation with this accounting student, you find that he purchased his airline ticket from a discount reseller and paid less than half of what you paid for the same flight. How do you feel about this arrangement? Do think this type of pricing arrangement could transfer to other products? Would the companies that sell these other products be put at a competitive disadvantage when customers find that they are paying different prices for the same goods or services? 0. 6The instructor can facilitate discussion of invoiceless pricing in a B2C environment by asking students how they would feel about not receiving a phone or cable bill. What are the problems the phone or cable company and phone or cable consumers encounter without a paper bill? What about billing problems and disputes. What about payment deadlines or consumers that want to pay in person or pay in cash? 10. 7Any form of electronic or digital cash has the same audit risks as physical cash: susceptibility to theft and loss of an audit trail. In addition, digital â€Å"cash† also has risks associated with the durability of the store of value – to what extent can the cash be recovered if the storage media becomes defective? Another issue concerns the potential loss of privacy, because the digital currency can be â€Å"marked† in a manner that enables tracing its path through the economy. 10. 8 Why not indeed? Copies of the sales order can be used by inventory personnel as a picking ticket to select inventory items ship to the customer. In similar fashion, the sales order converted into a picking ticket can also be used as a packing slip. Just make sure a copy is sent with the package and not the original so that in case there is a problem the original form can be reviewed for any errors or discrepancy. If sales orders are created electronically, the information contained on the electronic sales order can be used to create paper (or electronic) picking tickets, packing slips, or invoices. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO THE PROBLEMS 10. 1Types of controls used at various steps in the revenue cycle. Process/ Activity ThreatApplicable Controls (P = Preventive, D = Detective, C = Corrective) Sales order entry1. Incomplete or inaccurate customer orders 2. Credit sales to customers with poor credit 3. Legitimacy of order 4. Lost sales due to stockouts, excessive carrying costs, and lost revenue due to markdownsVarious data entry edit controls P Proper credit approval, prior to delivery of goods or services P; accurate, current customer data P Authorized customer purchase order P; digital signatures D Inventory control systems P; periodic physical inventory counts D; improved sales forecasts P; better supply chain management P and C Shipping5. Shipping errors: †¢Wrong merchandise Wrong quantities †¢Wrong address 6. Theft of inventory Compare sales order with packing list and shipping documents D; bar coding P Physical access controls P; documentation of all inventory movements D; periodic physical inventory counts D Billing and accounts receivable7. Failure to bill 8. Billing errors 9. Errors in maintaining customer accountsSegregation of shipping and billing functions P; one-for-one matching of invoices (or EDI acknowledgments) against shipping documents D and C Comparison of sales orders, shipping documents, and invoices P and C; various edit checks D and C Data entry edit checks D and C; use of remittance advices P; monthly statements to customers D and C Process/ Activity ThreatApplicable Controls (P = Preventive, D = Detective, C = Corrective) Cash collections10. Theft of cash Segregation of cash handling and accounts receivable functions P; use of lockboxes or EFT P; bank account reconciliation by someone not involved in cash receipts processing D and C; segregation of bad debt/credit memo authorization from cash handling and accounts receivable functions P General11. Loss of data 12. Poor performance Backup procedures C; disaster recovery plans P; physical and logical access controls P Development and periodic review of appropriate performance metrics D and C 10. 2 Information Technology to enhance the restriction of physical access to inventory: 1. Electronic locks on all entrances and exits to the inventory area. 2. Smart card technology where employees must scan their ID card prior to entering/exiting the inventory area. 3. Install motion detectors. 4. Attach security tags to inventory items and install security tag scanners at each exit of the inventory area. . Attach RFID tags to inventory items to track the movement of inventory. 6. Install and monitor surveillance cameras in the inventory area. 7. Install an infrared alarm system. 8. Build a fence around the inventory area and equip the fence with cameras and sensors. 10. 3a. Shipping personnel should be required to document (on paper or by computer) receipt of goods from the finished goods storeroom. This procedure acknow ledges responsibility for custody of the goods transferred. b. Either a redundant data check or closed loop verification could be used. If the transactions are being entered in batches, redundant data such as the first five characters of the customer's name could be included in each input record; after finding a match on customer account number, the system would also verify that the name characters match before posting the transaction. If the transactions are being entered online, the system could respond to operator entry of the account number by retrieving and displaying the customer's name for the operator to review. c. Up-to-date credit records should be maintained, and credit checks should be made prior to approval of sales orders. . A receiving report should be required to support the authorization of credits for sales returns. e. Separate the function of authorizing write-offs of uncollectible accounts from the function of handling of collections on account, in order to prevent any single individual from perpetrating this type of fraud. f. Shipping personnel should be required to record the actual quantity shi pped on the order document and/or enter the quantity shipped into the sales order processing system, in order that bills can be prepared based upon the quantity shipped rather than the quantity ordered. . Supervision of mailroom operations, limitation of authority to endorse checks to the cashier only, and instructions to the bank to accept only those checks endorsed for deposit in the company's account. h. Cash receipts should be listed and totaled in the mailroom before the cashier receives the checks. A third person compares the amount deposited as shown by a validated deposit slip to the batch total prepared in the mailroom. i. All sales tickets should be prenumbered and accounted for. This would quickly spot a missing ticket. j. Segregate shipping and billing functions. k. Implement accurate inventory control and sales forecasting systems including periodic physical inventory counts and frequent review and revision of sales forecasts. l. A system of user IDs and passwords is the first line of defense followed by allowing â€Å"read only† access to customer data for sales staff, implement access controls over individual terminals, and maintaining activity logs. m. Regular backups with copies being stored off-site. n. Backup generators as well as cold and/or warm site contracted backup facilities. o. Encrypting sensitive data prior to transmission, creating virtual private networks, and transmitting data over secure socket layer (SSL) networks. p. A system of user IDs and passwords is the first line of defense followed by allowing â€Å"read only† access to price lists for sales staff, implement access controls over individual terminals, and maintaining activity logs. q. A system of user IDs and passwords is the first line of defense followed by allowing â€Å"read only† access to customer data for sales staff, implement access controls over individual terminals, and maintaining activity logs. In addition, formal non-compete agreement could be used when hiring personnel. r. A nightly backup with copies being stored off-site. s. Periodically testing backup data for access and compatibility with current company hardware and software. 10. 4 Formulas: Sales (1% Growth Rate) E5 and Row 5:=D5*101%, =E5*101%, =F5*101%, †¦ Cash Collections:D7:=D5*40% E7:=E5*40%+D5*30% F7:=F5*40%+E5*30%+D5*20% G7:=G5*40%+F5*30%+E5*20%+D5*8% Copy and paste G7 formula to remaining cells Beginning Balance:E2:=D9 (same formula for remaining cells in Row 2) Ending Balance:D9:=D3+D7 (same formula for remaining cells in Row 9) Spinner and Scroll Bar:

Critical analysis of Bob Dylan’s song “Hurricane” Essay

Bob Dylan’s iconic songwriting, unique and distinctive singing voice, as well as his controversial and thought-provoking lyrics has undoubtedly placed Dylan among the elites of modern, American musical history. This is not to say there are those who dislike and generally do not care for his songwriting, but almost everyone has come in contact with his expansive body of work. Born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, he moved to New York City in 1961 and legally changed his name to Bob Dylan in 1962. In the onset of his career Dylan focused on politically charged themes and acoustic/folk type guitar playing. Protest songs written in the 1960’s established a reputation as a free-thinking songwriter engrossed in the trials and tribulations of the times. After a break from this style, his 1976 album Desire contained the eight and a half minute mega-track â€Å"Hurricane,† which saw a return to the societal-minded songwriting that had helped him make h is name. â€Å"Hurricane,† is a narrative that describes Dylan’s own account of the events in New Jersey bar in June of 1966, which lead to the arrest and imprisonment of Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter, an American middle-weight boxer. Although this is one of his most popular songs, Dylan no longer incorporates it in his live sets. Also, despite its popularity, â€Å"Hurricane,† is truly a masterpiece and a wonderful lens with which to examine this great artist’s literary style and influence. Through the exploration of several critics’ analysis coupled with a detailed examination of the actual song lyrics, it is clear that the song â€Å"Hurricane† by Bob Dylan intertwines modern social elements of race and equity, the literary aspects of genre, language and metaphor, and his own unique and individualistic songwriting that has established him on a plateau of excellence rivaled by no other modern artist. The racial aspects of the song ring out louder than any other theme. Upon listening to the song, Dylan’s emotionally charged singing and sharp lyrics clearly display that fact that Rubin Carter’s skin color had a major influence in his arrest and conviction. This, of course, is just Bob Dylan’s interpretation however. Evan Schlansky, a critic from American Songwriter.com, explores the issue of race and social equity in his analysis. ‘†Hurricane† functions like a real live detective story. It’s a song that peppers the listener with rich details and impolite truths, many  of which are enough to make the hairs at the back of your neck stand up’ (Schlansky, 1). Paterson, New Jersey in the 1960’s was a hotbed of racism and racial issues, and the lyrics explain the direness of the situation. Dylan sings, â€Å"In Paterson that’s just the way things go/If you’re black you might as well not show up on the street, ‘less you wanna draw the heat† (Metrolyrics.com, 1). Dylan is obviously critiquing the law enforcement and judiciary system, as well as striking a chord with racial and political activists everywhere. As mentioned before, Bob Dylan’s songwriting as always been poignant and controversial and although this song was released ten years after the incident, its themes are just as true. He lays blame on society’s elite with the lines, â€Å"And though they could not produce the gun, the D.A. said he was the one who did the deed, and the all-white jury agreed† (Metrolyrics.com, 1). These lines have been regarded as some of Dylan’s most controversial and along with his use of the â€Å"N-word,† he created an extremely moving and thought-provoking example of how racism is still present in society. The first element of Dylan’s genre in â€Å"Hurricane,† relate to his writing the song as a narrative. This means he is singing the song as a story being told of the actual accounts as if Dylan himself was in the bar that night. Gerard Steen, in his essay â€Å"Metaphor in Bob Dylan’s ‘Hurricane'† writes, â€Å"†¦such story format options are also part and parcel of well-conventionalized cognitive genre schemes, such as narrative songs† (Steen, 190). Another important genre aspect of â€Å"Hurricane,† is his utilization of a protest song. â€Å"†¦the accusation of false conviction is clear enough to make the song a serious protest song from the beginning† (Steen, 189). Protest songs were elemental in establishing Dylan’s reputation as a singer/songwriter. â€Å"Hurricane,† marked a return to this style of songwriting. Dylan also uses language to convey his message. Usage of extreme language and powerful metaphors enhance the drama and suspense that builds throughout the song. The metaphors used by Dylan are key to his message. However these metaphors are not always clearly displayed throughout the verses, and the reader (or listener) usually has to make up his/her mind (Steen, 196). These important elements of literary style add to the significance and complexity of this monumental work. Aside from his singing voice, Dylan’s unique songwriting as placed him in a class of his own even among his peers. â€Å"Hurricane,† is a delightful piece to examine based on his return to the in-the-moment style songwriting that had made him famous in the 1960’s. Previous staples of Dylan’s first albums like â€Å"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll,† and â€Å"Who Killed Davey Moore?,† had plots seemingly taken right from the papers and words beautifully woven into songs in a way completely peculiar to his own style. In fact many critics argue that the song may have fit more unto one of his earlier albums such as Masters of War or The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan (Schlansky, 1). The fact that this song was not released until 1976 also leads to the element of surprise that Dylan (ever the individual) would ever back-track to his previous writing styles. â€Å"Harking back to the days when he used to rip his song ideas from the headlines of newspapers, Dylan masterfully sums up and dramatizes Carter’s story, and also manages to embarrass the system by coming off smarter than every lawyer, cop, and jury on the case. To live outside the law, you must be honest† (Schlansky, 1). Through the exploration of several critics’ analysis coupled with a detailed examination of the actual song lyrics, it is clear that the song â€Å"Hurricane† by Bob Dylan intertwines modern social elements of race and equity, the literary aspects of genre, language and metaphor, and his own unique and individualistic songwriting that has established him on a plateau of excellence rivaled by no other modern artist. Although there are those who do not enjoy Dylan’s music, one would be hard-pressed to find someone who had never heard of him. He is undoubtedly one of the most famous and influential American musicians of all-time. â€Å"Hurricane,† stands as one of Dylan’s true masterpieces and incorporates the best aspects of his literary style and songwriting capabilities. The song was so influential many believe it even helped to get Rubin Carter released from jail and acquitted of all charges. â€Å"†¦but only ‘Hurricane’ actually helped get someone out of jail, even if it did take 12 years (Schlansky, 1). In conclusion, â€Å"Hurricane,† is a song that will stand the test of time, and shines as a beacon of accomplishment in an immense and critically acclaimed body of work. Works Cited Levy, J., Dylan, B., â€Å"Hurricane.† 15 May 2009. < http://www.metrolyrics.com/hurricane- lyrics-bob-dylan.html>. Schlansky, Evan. â€Å"The 30 Greatest Bob Dylan Songs: #21 ‘Hurricane’.† 2009. American Songwriter.com. 15 May 2009. . Steen, Gerard. â€Å"Metaphor in Bob Dylan’s ‘Hurricane’: genre, style and language.† 15May 2009. < http://books.google.com/books?id=O1R79- TsVKoC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=literary+criticism+%22hurricane%22&s ource=bl&ots=Ioa4GCmjjQ&sig=MYMBoFGCnh0yV3ihRZ9gRLmnRXQ&hl=e n&ei=jqgNSopHYzCMdmhpbYG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 #PPA183,M1>.

How two body system interrelate with each other Essay

The cardiovascular and digestive system are interrelate with each other to perform a named function of function by the food we eat. Which absorbed and passed down the oesophagus into the small intestine. It is then absorbed into the blood, which the cardiovascular then passes around the body supplying it with all the nutrients. By the cardiovascular system passing blood around the body with all the nutrients from food, it is supplying all the organs and body parts with energy so they can continue to work properly Another link between the cardiovascular system and the digestive system is that they both works hard when the body has to process a lot of food. For example, the digestive system needs more blood to do the job; therefore, blood vessels expand in preparation for this. Digestive organs stimulate the heart through nerve impulses, sending signals for increased amount of blood. The heart responds accordingly by sending more blood supply to the digestive system. The cardiovascular and digestive are system interrelate with each other to perform a named function of function transport oxygenated blood form the limbs around the body into cells. The oxygenated blood contains oxygen which is used by the cells to produce energy in the process of respiration. Digestive system needs the cardiovascular system for a proper digestive to continue. Become energy need blood to flow and the part of digestive. System e.g. intestine need blood to function properly. The cardiovascular delivers disgusted nutrient from the digestive system to the body for circulation and into the cells where respiration takes places. The cardiovascular system pastes blood around oxygen and nutrient and the body for the role purpose of energy production.