The Importance Of Leadership In Clinical Settings †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Leadership In Clinical Settings. Answer: Introduction The importance of leadership in clinical settings for achieving care goals pertaining to patient safety and quality care have been acknowledged for long. As the domain of patient safety undergoes a constant evolution, the role played by leadership at organizational and individual level has been gaining prominence. The present essay throws light on the relationship between leadership and patient safety within the clinical setting. The essay aims to refute the statement it does not matter what type of leadership style is used; it has little effect on patient safety. The paper provides a definition of patient safety and a concise description of three leadership styles namely and their essential characteristics. A discussion is then put forward on the relationship between leadership and patient safety in clinical practice. A critical analysis of how each of the leadership styles could be used for promoting patient safety in reduction of medication error in clinical setting is undertaken. Patient safety can be defined as preventing errors and the different ill effects related to health care. Day by day with the increasing complications in the field of medicine, patient safety has become a major subject of concern( Grossman Valiga, 2016). The greater use of the technologies and the medicines has diversified the ways of treatments but has also brought many complications regarding the patient safety. This essay will aim on the how thenursing leadership model can manage the patient safety. According to the researches a high quality of patient care includes safety, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness and patient centeredness ( Grossman Valiga, 2016). In theprofession of nursing the quality of leadership provided by the leader nurse effects many aspects of a health care facility setting. The leadership quality of the nurses can have far reaching influences on the patient outcome and the quality of care. There are several different types ofnursing leadership. This report will throw light upon three main leadership quality of nursing. Autocratic leadership This model of leadership constitutes a leader nurse or a nurse manager who will be making all the significant decision, would instruct other peer nurses, give orders and would issue directions to the subordinate employees. This kind of a leader would supervise the works of other nurses and does not support the idea of collaboration or discussion with the peer nurses. This type of leadership nursing is mainly found in the jails, military camps and other stringent settings. An autocratic nurse would not pay heed to any questions of the employees regarding the validity of the directions ( Grossman Valiga, 2016). Transformational leadership This kind of leadership quality involves encouragement of the employees or the junior nurses to give their best work under the influence of a leader nurse. Unlike the autocratic leadership, this kind of a leadership focuses on motivating the junior nurses rather than imposing them with directives. This type of a leadership in nursing believes in collaboration, team work, creativity, research and application of the evidence based practice. This type of a leadership quality instills motivation in one self (Huber, 2013). The self motivated employees would always work well than those that are pressurized by the autocratic nurses. It should be kept in mind tat this quality would be absolutely disastrous if the leader nurse lacks the personality to bring out the work from the employees in a friendly manner(Huber, 2013). Lassez-Faire leadership This kind of a leadership allows the peer nurses to work with freedom with the required guidance. The nurse leaders allow the employees to work according to their education. The employees are invested with the authority to take their own decisions. This leadership is effective in case of the nurses that are highly skilled or well educated or experienced. An experienced nurse can at least apply her past experiences and her evidence based researches in treating critical situations (Huber, 2013). This leadership model is absolutely not suitable in case of the unmotivated, unskilled nurses or those who lack time management, or inexperienced. Nursing leadership and patient safety are interconnected and is directly proportional to each other. The patient outcomes in a healthcare setting are acquired from a complex of practical procedure via analytical data given by the technology that is cutting edge. An effective nurse leader ensures appropriate staffing and the various resources that are required for safety of the patients (Cherry Jacob, 2016). At the higher level of organization a nurse leader should be able to take different management strategies and would cater to the decision making process that would ultimately be fruitful for the health care organization. A good leader ship quality of a nurse can prevent and reduce hospital readmissions, patient deterioration and morbidity. A leader nurse would be in the front line to push her limits to provide the appropriate quality of care(Cherry Jacob, 2016). A leader nurse would encourage the junior nurses to do research and apply an evidence based care that is patient-focus ed. A good nurse leader will also reduce the malpractices in a healthcare setting and thus provide a quality care to the patient. A high performance nurse would provide a physical, mental, spiritual and holistic support to a patient and would improve the overall care delivery (Huber, 2013). In general the role of a leader nurse is to provide improved health care facility to a organization. A perfect leader nurse should be able to monitor all possible aspects that hinder the patient safety. There are different nursing concerns for imparting safety to the patient. One such concern is the medication errors (Frith et al.,2014). Lack of knowledge, improper assessment and negligence are the reasons why the medication errors occur (Duffy, 2013). Medication errors can be dangerous as it can cause death in some cases. It has been reported that a large number of death occurs across the world due to the medication errors. Wrong medications can give rise to hypersensitive reactions in patients, which can be fatal in many cases (Duffy, 2013). An autocratic nurse may apply force to its employees to maintain the correct protocol for applying medicines. The employees would then be doing the work carefully under pressure, which can bring about both good and bad outcomes. A junior nurse might be very careful while administering the medications in fear of the autocratic nurse. Again, autocratic nursing would not support the practice of evidence based nursing that involves lot of researches (Duys, 2015). Lack of research and knowledge and de-motivation from the autocratic nurse can cause medication errors. In a healthcare setting which is extremely poor in health standards, a leader can take the role of an autocratic leader and force the unmotivated workers to do their work, as it would be the best policy to get the work done. In case of a transformational leadership, the nurse leader would allow his employees to do research and apply treatment accordingly. A proper research and assessment would help in avoiding the adverse medical condition that can arise due to the medication. A leader nurse can self motivate or impart knowledge to her peer nurses so that the medication errors get reduced (Kitson et al., 2013). A good nurse leader would provide knowledge and training to her peer nurse so that they can provide a quality care. A good nurse leader would continuously supervise her employees whether a patient had been assessed carefully. A proper nurse leader should ensure that only skilled and experienced nurses should be appointed in the critical care units (Morello et al., 2013). A Lassez-Faire type of leadership can bring about good outcomes only if the nurses are skilled. Since medication error is one of the leading causes of morbidity in hospitals, the choice of this kind of leadership might not be very suitable. Application of medicines and critical assessment of a patient requires lots of practices and experiences which might become a bit risky if the nurses are allowed to do anything on their own. From the above essay it can be concluded that different forms of leadership that have their own characteristics, when applied suitably, help in bringing significant changes to the culture of patient safety. It is the duty of the nurses and other health care professionals to point out the suitable form of leadership that when applied in the clinical setting can reduce patient complications. Furthermore it can also be pointed out that the leadership quality chosen will depend upon the kind of health care setting where the nurse is in. References Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Duffy, J. R. (2013).Quality caring in nursing and health systems: implications for clinicians, educators, and leaders. Springer Publishing Company. Duys, R. A. (2015).Validation of the use of short message service (SMS) as a training tool for anaesthetic nurses(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Frith, K. H., Anderson, E. F., Tseng, F., Fong, E. A. (2012). Nurse staffing is an important strategy to prevent medication errors in community hospitals.Nursing Economics,30(5), 288. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. M. (2016).The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. FA Davis. Huber, D. (2013).Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K., Zeitz, K. (2013). What are the core elements of patient?centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,69(1), 4-15. Morello, R. T., Lowthian, J. A., Barker, A. L., McGinnes, R., Dunt, D., Brand, C. (2013). Strategies for improving patient safety culture in hospitals: a systematic review.BMJ Qual Saf,22(1), 11-18. Wong, C. A., Cummings, G. G., Ducharme, L. (2013). The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update.Journal of nursing management,21(5), 709-724. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014).Leading and Managing in Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Marketing Management for Fundamental Goal - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management for Fundamental Corporate Goal. Answer: Introduction Woolworths is a prominent Australian retailer. It basically delivers all types of grocery stuffs and have also started selling magazines, dvds and various stationery items. The fundamental corporate goal of the company is achieving justifiable competition with other companies and increasing the sale. Various moves are taken by Woolworths to introduce new services so that success is attained. Few strategies like introducing trading card to attract large market for sale was adopted.(Sundaram Inkpen, 2014). Advertisements of petrol and promoting the grocery discounts and other label products had a positive impact on sales.Thus for betterment of the company a good marketing plan need to be selected for selling more products (Schwartz, 2010). Corporate objective Corporate objective relates the entire business, and is set by every company to set detailed objective which tends to focus on the performance of the company. Corporate objective focuses on the whole result rather than single objective. It is very important to create unity between the companies business and employee. An Australian company Woolworths defines the realistic goal that influences strategically decisions (Ranadheera, et. al, 2013). These objectives target the future of companys growth and access the success of the company for betterment. Corporate objectives are designed to enhance the performance of the company by planning in a right direction. Woolworths has a clear objective that helps in knowing abusiness missionin terms of its benefits and economic value. It measures the overall performance of the business in terms of shareholders to check their stability. This also involves monitoring of the objectives designed by the company (Arli, et. al, 2013). Woolworths is one of the largest retail companies whose corporate objective is to deliver customers an excellent shopping experience every time. It is planning to offer high quality of services and product at nominal price. The objective of Woolworth is to improve the food products by making it more nutritious. It also focuses on environmental needs and looks for growth in social development sector. The overall motive of Woolworth is to maximize the profit by increasing the sales revenue (Sheth Sisodia, 2015). This can be achieved by maximizing the sale of the compan y which will help in business growth and support longer business survival in the market. Marketing Orientation Concept: Woolworth Woolworth has major objective that customer's choose them over other companies. Thus various marketing plans are used for building customers and maintaining the momentum of sale in food and now Woolworth have started drinks so that more value is served to customers. They have designed various strategies to empower shareholder value, by using end-to-end retail process and systems excellence. This can be done by building a great retail plan (Ozkaya, et. al, 2015). A good retail plan is designed in such a way that it listens to customers and supplies voice, so that the feedback from customers is used to improve the customers experience by creating new and innovative ways. Marketing concept Marketing concept is used whenever Woolworth decides to launch a new product in the market. New product can be a modification of an old product or any entirely new product. The marketing plan used by Woolworth is: First of all it summarises the key factor about the product like its ownership, profitability, and share price and so on. Then a marketing segment is chosen for sale of the product. By analysingthe environment in a detailed manner, so that positive outcome is received from new product. Target customers are selected by outline marketing mix strategy. Market orientation used by Woolworth involves monitoring the actions taken by Competitors Company. To attain good success, understanding the competitors plans and goals is important. Promotion is one of the key factors used by Woolworths, as it contributes in reaching to wider audience in short span of time. The branding of new products is promoted by launching loyalty programs, to reach to the customers (Terho, Eggert, Haas Ulaga, 2015). Woolworths have also stared Loyalty Schemes for customers which offer special discounts. The perceptive of Woolworth is to reach to larger audience therefore for better marketing it uses digital marketing. It helps in reaching every type of target audience, which in turn aimed to spread awareness of the service everywhere by using newsletter and magazines. Apart from promoting their products, they offer gift cards and additional benefits to attract customers and making the customers stable. Selling Concept Selecting a selling method for product is considered as a success factor for the business. For making more sales in the company an effective method is used. Woolworth uses the concept of customer intelligence. It monitors all the government regulations, technology used by competitor and knowing about the future needs. Formal and Informal procedures are used by the company for selling a product. Market is analysed as per the needs then an appropriate technique is selected. Majorly the products are sold through offline as well as online stores (Tu, Tung Goes, 2017). Online stores are beneficial as it target larger audience and responsive actions are taken in response to market intelligence. Responsive actions take the form of selecting an appropriate target section and designing the products or services that accommodate market needs. Other than these promoting programs are launched by Woolworth and direct Emails are also sent to customers. Emails are helpful as whenever some discounts or special offers arise, Woolworth sent the emails to customers regarding the special offers thus building a customer relation. Referrals are also used by Woolworth and are considered as a good way for selling products and helps in bringing regular business to the company. It is true selling of a product is directly related to customer satisfaction. Once the customer is satisfied with the product, they will automatically come for the next time. Selling concept used by the company is focusing on how to reach the audience. This is achieved by social media channels as it is easy and touches every door of target users. Thus for selling the product, social media marketing act as a crucial point in the growth and making profit. It helps in reaching the customer faster and in a cost effective manner. Social media marketing is overwhelming as it reaches to large users in minimum time independently (Tedlow Jones, 2014). Thus Woolworths has expanded globally and has covered every area on the globe due to social media. Thus the business is expanded by engaging more customers and promoting the products effectively. Additionally Woolworth also uses feedback method so that products are improved and sold. Marketing Strategy Used by Woolworths There are two types of marketing strategy business to business (B2B) marketing or Business to consumer (B2C) marketing. Woolworth uses Business to consumer marketing which includes various approaches like advertisement which helps in linking the services and products with the customers, which helps in building relation with the customers. And it focuses on bundle selling rather than selling a single product. Marketing strategy used by Woolworths is diversification that is making all kind of products available. Especially in the food and drinks store it sells all kind of products so that customers do not visit any other store. It provides special discount offers as well as combo options so that customers experience a good shopping practice. It also provides reward points to the user so that they shop for the next time also. It focuses on product development to increase the sale and bring new customers to the business. Introducing new product and service helps in increasing market share and improve customer loyalty (Tedlow Jones, 2014). Woolworth follows promotion for selling products by first defining the target population and uses mass marketing strategy to drive large audience in order to increase the sell. Thus mass marketing can be done by online marketing which helps in propagating new products via internet to get more customers attention. It is the best method to drive customers at tention by using online marketing tactics. Advantage- It helps in reaching to wider audience which is associated with higher output. Thus improves the business profit by boosting the sale as it target vast and different market. Disadvantage- It is not a cost effective approach and money could be wasted if wrong audience is targeted. It also requires investment of time and before marketing it is important to segment the customers into groups. This strategy is beneficial for Woolworth to fulfil the objective by delivering new products and deliver better experience to the customers. This is a simple method which helps in improving the sourcing capabilities. This method helps the company to penetrate new customers and provide the services in multiple locations. It focuses on reducing the cost of products so that Woolworths take an advantage of producing more products and selling them at economical price. Offering the products at affordable price helps in getting more customers to the company. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., Soldo, E. (2013). Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Ozkaya, H. E., Droge, C., Hult, G. T. M., Calantone, R., Ozkaya, E. (2015). Market orientation, knowledge competence, and innovation.International Journal of Research in Marketing,32(3), 309-318. Ranadheera, C. S., Evans, C. A., Adams, M. C., Baines, S. K. (2013). Production of probiotic ice cream from goat's milk and effect of packaging materials on product quality.Small Ruminant Research,112(1), 174-180. Schwartz, D. E. (2010). Defining the Corporate Objective: Section 2.01 of the ALI's Principles.Geo. Wash. L. Rev.,52, 511. Sheth, J. N., Sisodia, R. S. (2015).Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Sundaram, A. K., Inkpen, A. C. (2014). The corporate objective revisited.Organization science,15(3), 350-363. Tedlow, R. S., Jones, G. G. (Eds.). (2014).The Rise and Fall of Mass Marketing (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 25). Routledge. Terho, H., Eggert, A., Haas, A., Ulaga, W. (2015). How sales strategy translates into performance: The role of salesperson customer orientation and value-based selling.Industrial Marketing Management,45, 12-21. Tu, Y., Tung, Y. A., Goes, P. (2017). Online auction segmentation and effective selling strategy: Trust and information asymmetry perspectives.Journal of Electronic Commerce R

Baseball Essays (938 words) - Baseball, Baseball Rules,

Baseball Baseball has been providing us with fun and excitement for more than a hundred and fifty years. The first game resembling baseball as we know it today was played in Hoboken ,New Jersey, on June 19, 1846. The New York Nine beat the New York Knickerbokers that day, 23-1. The game was played according to rules drawn up by Alexander J. Cartwright. A surveyer and amateur athlete. It is a myth that Abner Doubleday1 invented baseball. It was Alexander Cartwright, not Abner Doubleday, who first laid out the present dimensions of the playing field and established the basic rules of the game. The first Professional baseball team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings, who toured the country in 1869 and didn't lose a game all year. Baseball began to attract so many fans that in 1876 the National league was organized-the same National league that still exists today. Although the game was played in 1876 it was recognizable as baseball-nobody would confuse it with football or basketball-it was quite a bit different from baseball as we know it now. For example, pitchers had to throw underhand, the way they still do in softball;the batter could request the pitcher to throw a high or low pitch; it took nine balls, rather than four, for a batter to get a base on balls; and the pitching distance was olny 45 feet to home plate. The rules were gradually changed over the following 20 years, until by about 1900 the game was more or less the same as it is today. In 1884, the pitchers were permitted to throw overhand; in 1887, the batter was no longer allowed to request a highor low pitch; by 1889,it took only four balls to get a batter to a base on balls; the pitching distance was legthened to sixty- feet, six inches. And since that day in 1846 There have been many greats to make up the game baseball such as Ty Cobb who was born in a small town in Georgia in 1886. He threw right-handed but batted left-handed . He held his hands a few inches apart on the bat and learned to bunt or slap line-drive hits precisely where he wanted them. He made place hitting an art. In the summer of 1905, Cobb joined a major league baseball taem, the Detroit Tigers .On August 9, Ty Cobb registered his first base hit as a member of the Tigers. In the many years to follow he added over four thousand more hits. Along with them would come a national rep- utation. Another player who some have said changed the game, is John Roosevelt(Jackie) Robinson2.On April 15, 1947 at two o'clock that tuesday afternoon when nine Brooklyn Dodgers sprang out thier dugout to take the feild to start the 1947 baseball season. It was a memorable event in basebaall history, indeed in American history. Undoubtedly Robinson was a great ballplayer. He was National league's Rookie of the year in 1947 and its Most valuable player (MVP) in 1949. He won the election in 1962 to the Bseball Hall of Fame, the first African- American ever chosen for that honor. And perhaps the greatest ballplayer of all time was Goerge Herman (Babe Ruth). During the 1920, Ruth's first season as a New York Yankee, he hit .376, not enough to win the American league batting championship but a figure far beyond what today is registered by major leagues leaders. He also hit safely in 26 consecutive games, clubbed 9 triples and 36 doubles, and batted in 137 runs. Despite his weight of over 215, he stole 14 bases. Most remarkably, however, Ruth slugged 54 home runs for the season. Closest to him in the American League was Goerge Sisler, with 19 homers, while the National League leader recorded a total of only 15. Almost every team in both leagues registered a total number far below the 54 of Babe Ruth alone. There have been many more talented and great ball- players in the game such as Ted Williams,Leo Durocher, Hank Aaron,Mickey Mantle,Roger Maris,Willie Mays,Joe DiMaggio and all these ballplayers have done their part to shape and mold the game of Baseball. And today, we now have a new generation of ball- players like Mark McGwire who in the 1998 season hit an unpresedented 76 home runs and was closely followed by Sammie Sosa with 70 homers which in the 1920 and 30's was un-thought of un-imagnable, to even hit 15 home runs now playes can hit 15 home runs by May 15th. Another astonashing differance is players today are earning countless millions of dollars, unlike days of yesteryear whaen players only made if they were lucky 125,000 dollars. Also the equipment has changed

Surrealism and Freud

Surrealism and Freud Introduction Surrealism is one of the well-known cultural movements of the 20th century characterized by visual artworks and writings of various philosophers. That movement was founded at the beginning of 1920s by a French writer and theorist Andre Breton. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surrealism and Freud specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Surrealism is not just a simple form of art that is studied by numerous writers; it is a way of how people look at life and understand it from political, philosophical, aesthetical, and social perspectives. The best representatives of surrealism were Salvador Dali, Sigmund Freud, Max Ernst, and Marcel Duchamp. Captivating writings and masterpieces of great people made a considerable impact on the development of surrealism. One of the philosophers, who significantly influenced surrealism, was Sigmund Freud. To analyze how exactly surrealism was connected to Freud’ s theories, it is necessary to identify the peculiarities of surrealism, to evaluate Freud’s theory, and find out how Freud’s ideas influenced the works of popular surrealists, Max Ernst, for example. The Essence of Surrealism Surrealism grew out of another, not less popular movement, Dada. The peculiar feature of Dada movement was the idea to present anti-art works and to underline the darkness and sorrow of war. In its turn, surrealistic movement was characterized by more positive expression of reality. â€Å"The objective of surrealism was the infinite expansion of reality as a substitute for the previously accepted dichotomy between the real and the imaginary.† (Balakian 14) One more peculiar feature of surrealism is that it is not one specific style, but the union of several styles, which are based on the same idea – to present the reality. This is why it is possible to define surrealism as â€Å"psychic automatism in its pure state by which we pro pose to express – verbally, in writing, or any other manner the real process of thought.† (Leslie 59) Sigmund Freud and His Theories When we talk about surrealism, we cannot but remember such a brilliant philosopher, whose works made a certain impact on surrealism and its understanding, as Sigmund Freud. The ideas of this person changed lots of worlds, the world of psychology and art in particular. His idea of having a kind of fixation on sex and that having sex may be considered as an explanation of all human’s mental ills attracts lots of people and cause numerous misunderstandings of the others. Freud did not afraid to break any boundaries, offer, and prove his own ideas and visions. His theories of psychosexual development, dreams, id, ego, and superego played a significant role in the history of art. As for surrealism movement, it is better to pay attention to one of Freud’s theories, the theory of dreams, where Freud called dreams as a kind of road to the unconscious. In other words, Freud was sure that dreams could easily demonstrate and explain the sense of the unconscious mind.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Freud’s Theories and Surrealism Surrealism presents the works of the subconscious mind. Freud identified dreams as the way to the subconscious. After we confront these two ideas together, it is possible to trace the connection of surrealism to Freud’s ideas. In order to comprehend the ideas, which surrealists want to reproduce in their works, it is necessary to find the way to this unconscious, and it is possible only with the help of dreams. Freud’s dream theory is a kind of mechanism, the way according to which all our desires split through censorship. If a desire cannot be comprehended, it gets a form of some kind of absurdity. For example, let us take two objects, which can not be matched together in reality, melting clocks and trees, a bicycle and a fish, etc. These objects cannot be condensed into something one. This is possible only in a dream, when people desire something. This is what Freud’s theory about dreams is all about, and this is what surrealist representatives took from Freud. However, Freud was interested not about the unconscious of surrealism. His burning desire was to analyze the conscious. He thought that all those experiments, which different surrealists did with psychic automatism (the release of the unconscious), are directed to ego activity. Freud believed that such a direct release of the unconscious was a mistake. All those unconscious was shaped by the ego. So, surrealistic works could hardly be called as something unconscious. Even more, Freud underlined that if all those works were the products of unconscious, they could be much better. Max Ernst as a Representative of Surrealism Movement One of the representatives o f surrealism movement was Max Ernst. He was a German painter, poet, and sculptor. First, he enrolled to study philosophy; however, soon he gave up that affair and started painting. His works took a lot from Freud’s theories. The idea of chance and the unconscious are the leading ones in one of Ernst’s work – Oedipus Rex. The influence of Freud is felt from the very title of the work. The Oedipus complex is often recognized in Freud’s ideas, as well as it is recognized in the work by Ernst. Each component plays a significant role for general perception of the picture. The image between the man’s hand and the bird symbolizes man’s desire to be free from the society he lives in. The wall, in comparison to the hand, is not that big that underlines that in fact does not play too significant role, however, it is an obstacle that a person cannot move on.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surrealism and Freud specif ically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This picture also has a sexual character. The nut represents a woman, and the crack in this nut symbolizes the intercourse between a woman and a man. This intercourse means a lot as for a woman, as well as for a man. The point that a man’s hand holds this nut is also worthy of attention. It underlines woman’s position in the society, women depend from men, and this is one of the truths, which Ernst wanted to represent in his masterpiece. Conclusions In general, surrealism and Freud’s theories have lots in common. All of them are about the subconscious and the conscious. People sometimes cannot understand where the reality ends, and dreams start. Surrealism is one of the artistic movements with strong political, social, and aesthetical components. It was one of the most organized movements of the 20th century. Its leader was Andre Breton, however, not his ideas only were considered. One of the most influential philosophers for surrealism was Sigmund Freud. His theory of dreams and the unconscious influenced a lot the development of surrealism. The main difference between surrealism and Freud’s theory was Freud’s statement that numerous surrealistic works were shaped by the ego, and this is why they cannot be considered as the unconscious works only. A part of the conscious is still present is the works, such as Oedipus Rex by Max Ernst. Balakian, A. E. Surrealism: The Road to the Absolute. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Leslie, R. Surrealism: The Dream of Revolution. New York: Smithmark, 1997.

Philosophy Theroy- Conclusion and Premises Essay

Philosophy Theroy- Conclusion and Premises - Essay Example l of prevalent societal attitudes at the time of the film’s making, but could as easily be transferred to more modern times, forcing the viewer to focus on the psychological action occurring rather than the latest high-dollar computer graphic imagery or fast-moving car chase scene. The film opens as the judge in a courtroom informs the jury of its duties before releasing them into the jury room. As the judge speaks, the camera pans across the different faces of the men who comprise the jury as well as the big-eared wide-eyed boy defendant. As the judge gives his directions, he makes it clear that this is a capital murder case and, should the jury return with a guilty verdict, the sentence will be death. With this harsh task on their minds, the jury files quietly into the jury room, none of them looking at the defendant as they do so but with the defendant watching each one of them in turn. As the case is presented, it is made clear that the boy, just turned 18, is on trial for his life accused of having killed his own father in an angry knife attack and then callously removing himself from the home to go watch a film. It is up to the jury to decide, by a vote of guilty or innocent, whether this boy lives or dies. Either they let him go free or they condemn him to death. As the jury files into the room, it is obvious some of them are deeply affected by the weight of their decision while others are clearly convinced their conclusions are obvious. As none of the jurymen are identified by name for most of the movie, only two of them exchanging names at the very end of the film, the only way to refer to them is by their jury number, which is made easier as they sit at the table in this order. Casual chatter before they all convene officially indicates that most of the jury members feel the case is fairly solid, the boy is undeniably guilty of the crime. As the film moves forward, the reasons for this assurance are revealed. First, the boy was known to have

Paul Gauguins illusion In The Paint Where Do We Come From What Are We Essay

Paul Gauguins illusion In The Paint Where Do We Come From What Are We Where Are We Going - Essay Example Paul Gauguin had presumably referred to this soul. In his painting â€Å"WE† does not refer to material world that are unreal and that which our mind personifies.This paper is trying to establish intellectual and philosophical aspect of gauguin’s painting on this ground. The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture in it’s publication â€Å"Aspects of Vedanta† has said: Sankara is not alone in drawing our attention to the illusory nature of empirical life. Plato, Kant, and Hegel adopt the same view, and in recent times, Bergson, equipped with all the knowledge of modern science, arrives at the same conclusion. The intellect,he says, disguises reality, misrepresents it, and presents to us a static world, †¦ The painting of our topic very much reflects this illusion suffered by the artist, though, it seems, he very much understood that â€Å"real† is different from this illusion. Also, Paul Gauguin relflects the illusion suffered by this world. Ingo F Walther in his book â€Å"Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 The Primitive Sophisticate† has mentioned: The spectrum of human activity encompassed by the painting spans all of life, from birth to death, in all its wondruous diversity. The new-born child lying in the grass, seeing the light of day for the first time, marks one boundary of Gauguin's stage, and the careworn old woman who looks so downcast as she meditates upon the past marks the other. Between the two lies the copious adult world of fears and joys. The exotic idol in the background, and the two people walking (possibly lovers), are there for atmospheric effect, and bridge gap between Man and the natural setting. Gauguin reveals considerable ambition in the way in which he placed some favourite subjects in his panorama - the relaxed reclining nude, the figures sitting lost in the thought, the cult statute. The figures are there to evoke associative meanings, rather to explain or illustrate. Gauguin was not concerned with being understood: rather, he was interpreting life as a great mystery. The world's lack of understanding, which was pushing him towards suicide, was obliquely expressed in his emphasis of the impenetrable and incomprehensible.# Footnotes: **Page 45 and 46 in "Aspects of Vedanta" #Page 80 in "Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 The Primitive Sophisticate" By Ingo F Walther The painting by depicting the various stages of life, in effect has carried the message that life is full of changes and life is nothing but an illusion. Even the animals and birds found in tha painting undergo the changes of life which is an illusion. The blue sky found in the painting is also an illusion. The painting depicts the convulsions of his mind and his yearning to show the world the difference between the 'real' and 'unreal'. The other side of illusion But, interestingly, illusion is having another side. Swami Lokeswarananda in his translation of Mandukya Upanisad has said: Even to

Writing for the English Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Writing for the English Major - Essay Example For the author, lying is an everyday thing: a part of life so to speak, as we do not tell blunt truths to everyone to maintain correct social structures and to prevent negative feelings that can permeate in relationships. Mundane greetings like â€Å"Howdy do?† and mundane answers like â€Å"I’m fine† are considered lies because those are not honest answers, as well as â€Å"silent lies† like not answering questions for the benefit of society, because it might hurt someone’s feelings. People nowadays, he says do not put importance on lying as much as before, according to the author. Slippery Slope arguments happen when the argument suggests that one thing will lead to another. Slippery Slope is represented here in the scenario where the lady committed a silent lie, and that would lead to her nephew’s death, suggesting that silent lies can actually lead to deaths. In that scene, there was a lady who was accused by the author to have committed a lie by â€Å"simply keeping still and concealing the truth† (Twain, 1885). She â€Å"lied† because she did not want to tell the hospital about the incompetence of their nurse, thinking that she may hurt the feelings of the nurse. Thus, the nurse got the job of taking care of the lady’s nephew, putting the nephew at risk because of the incompetence of the nurse. This is a fallacy. First, a lie is a false statement delivered deliberately (Encarta, 2010). With this definition, technically in this situation, no one told a lie. This is because the lady kept silent. Of course, her silence meant differently but it was not a lie at all. It was deliberate but it never meant to deceive people into believing that the nurse was incompetent. She knew that the nurse was incompetent, sure, but not telling people about it does not constitute to lying. False Authority happens when the author asks the audiences to agree with him simply based on his assertion as a writer.